More than a dozen US-listed Chinese companies have switched from auditors in their home country to ones in the US and Singapore since 2022, reducing the risk they could be thrown off American exchanges, a Nikkei Asia analysis shows.
Under a 2020 law called the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA), Chinese companies can be delisted if their auditors fail to comply with US accounting standards. Those requirements include allowing inspections of auditors by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Beijing resisted the US effort until last year when it began to allow the PCAOB to inspect Chinese auditors.
On May 10, the regulator released the first results from its inquiries in China and Hong Kong, saying it had found “unacceptable” flaws at two auditors, KPMG Huazhen and PwC Hong Kong. As the HFCAA was being implemented and strengthened by additional legislation, some US-listed Chinese companies moved to avoid the delisting threat by switching their auditing work to companies in the US and Singapore, which have not fought PCAOB inspections.
The US Securities and Exchange Commission has identified 174 US-listed Chinese companies with auditors that required inspection. Of these, 24 have changed auditors since 2022, according to a Nikkei analysis of corporate filings, with 15 switching from companies in China or Hong Kong to ones in the US or Singapore. After the churn, 16 of the 24 were being audited by companies in the US or Singapore, compared with two in the Americas before.
The number being audited in China or Hong Kong fell from 22 to eight. Legend Biotech, a developer of commercial-stage biotech medicines, told Nikkei Asia that concerns about the HFCAA prompted it to shift its auditing work from Ernst & Young Hua Ming in Shanghai to an E&Y office in New Jersey in 2022. “When this law went into effect, we began to transition [from] a China-based accounting company to a PCAOB-registered accounting company based in the US,” said Tina Carter, corporate communications lead at Legend Biotech. “That process is now complete.”
The company said it made the move so it would “no longer be subject to the related delisting guidelines of the HFCAA”. Singaporean auditors have emerged as big beneficiaries of the US pressure. Nasdaq-listed Fangdd Network, an online real estate brokerage, said in its annual report that in July last year, it switched to Audit Alliance of Singapore from KPMG Huazhen — one of the companies criticised by the PCAOB last week. The company’s report did not give a reason for the change.
Melco Resorts & Entertainment and Studio City International Holdings, listed arms of Macau casino tycoon Lawrence Ho, switched from an E&Y office in Hong Kong to one in Singapore. In their annual reports, both companies noted that E&Y Singapore “is not a PCAOB-identified firm”.
Melco Resorts & Entertainment and Studio City International Holdings switched auditors from an E&Y office in Hong Kong to one in Singapore © Billy HC Kwok/Bloomberg Mercurity Fintech Holdings said it switched from auditor Shanghai Perfect to Onestop Assurance PAC of Singapore, noting that the latter was registered with the PCAOB and had been inspected by the PCAOB “on a regular basis”.
The PCAOB on May 10 released the results of its inspection of KPMG Huazhen and PwC Hong Kong, saying it found flaws in seven audits by the companies. KPMG Huazhen said in a statement that it “acknowledges the findings of the PCAOB following its inspection”. It did not address a Nikkei Asia question about its dismissal by Fangdd. PwC said in a statement that it was “working with the PCAOB to address the issues”. KPMG Huazhen and PwC Hong Kong audited 40 per cent of US-listed Chinese stocks by market capitalisation.
Erica Williams, chair of the PCAOB, said its inspectors “are on track to hit 99 per cent of the total market share by the end of this year”. In March, China’s finance ministry fined Deloitte and suspended its Beijing office for three months, citing “serious audit deficiencies” in its work with China Huarong Asset Management, one of the largest bad-debt managers in the mainland. Nana Li, head of Asia-Pacific sustainability and stewardship at Impax Asset Management, said, “It will now be very difficult for foreign accounting companies . . . to keep many of their clients in China despite their long-term onshore operations in this market.”
A version of this article was first published by Nikkei Asia on May 16 2023. ©2023 Nikkei Inc. All rights reserved.